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Chandni Chowk ((ヒンディー語:चांदनी चौक), ) is one of the oldest and busiest markets in Old Delhi, India. Chandni Chowk is located close to Old Delhi Railway Station and the monument Red Fort is located within the Chandni Chowk. Built in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor of India Shah Jahan, and designed by his daughter Jahan Ara, the market was once divided by canals (now closed) to reflect moonlight, and it remains one of India's largest wholesale markets. == History == The history of Chandni Chowk dates back to the foundation of the capital city of Shahjahanabad when the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan established the Red Fort on the banks of the River Yamuna beside his newly founded capital. Chandni Chowk, or the Moonlight Square, was designed and established by Princess Jahanara, Shah Jahan’s favourite daughter, in 1650 CE. The bazaar, which was shaped as a square, was given further elegance by the presence of a pool in the centre of the complex. In particular, the pool shimmered in the moonlight, a feature which was perhaps responsible for the nomenclature of the marketplace.〔http://www.chillibreeze.com/articles/ACulinaryCruise.asp〕 The shops of the complex were originally built in a half-moon shaped pattern, which, for some reason, is lost today. The bazaar was in the time of Shah Jahan, who was famous for its silver merchants. This could also have an important role to play in the nomenclature of the place as silver is referred to as ''Chandi'' in Hindi, a word which could have been slightly deformed to form Chandni Chowk. The pool in the chowk was replaced by a clocktower (Ghantaghar) that existed until the 1950s. The central location of Chandni Chowk is still referred to as Ghantaghar. Chandni Chowk was once the grandest of the markets in India.〔http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1600_1699/shahjahanabad/chandnichauk/chandnichauk.html〕 In fact, the Mughal imperial processions used to pass through Chandni Chowk. The tradition was continued when Delhi Durbar was held in 1903. Delhi Town Hall was built in 1863 by the British. Chandni Chowk runs through the middle of the walled city, from the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort to Fatehpuri Masjid. Originally, a canal ran through the middle of the street as a part of the water supply scheme. It was initially divided into three sections:〔Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture: Growth & Development By Mohamed Taher, Anmol Publications, 1998〕 * Lahori Gate to Chowk Kotwali (near Gurdwara Shish Ganj): This section closest to the imperial residence, was called Urdu Bazar, i.e., the encampment market. The language Urdu got its name from this encampment. Ghalib noted the destruction of this market during the disturbances of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and its aftermath. * Chowk Kotwali to Chandni Chowk: The term Chandni Chowk originally referred to the square that had a reflecting pool. It was replaced by a clock-tower (Ghantaghar) that was damaged and demolished in the 1950s.〔(Old Delhi Clock Tower built in 1857 )〕〔http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/26/stories/2007032600070200.htm R. V. Smith, ''The mystique of clock towers'', The Hindu, 26 March 2007〕 This section was originally called Johri Bazar. * 'Chandni Chowk' to Fatehpuri Masjid: this was called the Fatehpuri Bazar. Even though today Chandni Chowk appears choked with congestion, it retains its historical character. The following terms are generally used to describe the buildings and the streets:〔(The Havelis, Kuchas and Katras of Chandni Chowk )〕 * Haveli: a mansion. A normal haveli would have a big courtyard (atrium) surrounded on four sides by spacious rooms and often another walled courtyard around the exterior as well. One of the largest preserved havelis in the area is the Chunnamal haveli. * Kucha: a zone with houses whose owners shared some common attribute, usually their occupation. Hence the names ''Maliwara'', the gardeners' neighbourhood and ''Ballimaran'', the oarsmen’s neighbourhood. * Katra: refers to a separate wing of tradesmen and craftsmen belonging to the same trade. They usually lived and worked together. It is a system similar to the guild housing in Amsterdam. It is a famous market known all over India. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chandni Chowk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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